{"id":2646,"date":"2026-09-04T18:55:55","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T18:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2646"},"modified":"2026-09-26T19:04:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T19:04:57","slug":"dunyanin-%c9%99n-q%c9%99dim-pes%c9%99l%c9%99ri-fahis%c9%99liyin-tarixi-n%c9%99-vaxtdan-baslayir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2646","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim pe\u015f\u0259l\u0259ri \u2013 Fahi\u015f\u0259liyin tarixi n\u0259 vaxtdan ba\u015flay\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#304;nsan c&#601;miyy&#601;tind&#601; &#601;m&#601;k b&ouml;lg&uuml;s&uuml; yaranandan b&#601;ri b&#601;zi pe&#351;&#601;l&#601;r yoxa &ccedil;&#305;x&#305;b, b&#601;zil&#601;rinin yaln&#305;z ad&#305; d&#601;yi&#351;ib, el&#601;l&#601;ri d&#601; var ki, min ill&#601;r ke&ccedil;s&#601; d&#601; mahiyy&#601;tc&#601; ya&#351;amaqda davam edir. D&uuml;lg&#601;r h&#601;l&#601; d&#601; a&#287;acla i&#351;l&#601;yir, z&#601;rg&#601;r qiym&#601;tli metala forma verir, dulus&ccedil;u gild&#601;n qab haz&#305;rlay&#305;r, tacir mal&#305; bir yerd&#601;n al&#305;b ba&#351;qa yerd&#601; sat&#305;r. Ayaqqab&#305;n&#305; tik&#601;n v&#601; t&#601;mir ed&#601;n ustan&#305;n istifad&#601; etdiyi al&#601;tl&#601;r d&#601;yi&#351;s&#601; d&#601; pin&#601;&ccedil;ilik d&#601; ya&#351;ay&#305;r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B&#601;s bunlardan hans&#305; d&uuml;nyan&#305;n &#601;n q&#601;dim pe&#351;&#601;sidir? Buna q&#601;ti cavab verm&#601;k m&uuml;mk&uuml;n deyil. &Ccedil;&uuml;nki insan ov&ccedil;uluq, y&#305;&#287;&#305;c&#305;l&#305;q v&#601; sad&#601; al&#601;t haz&#305;rlama&#287;&#305; yaz&#305;n&#305;n meydana &ccedil;&#305;xmas&#305;ndan on minl&#601;rl&#601; il &#601;vv&#601;l bacar&#305;rd&#305;. &ldquo;Pe&#351;&#601;&rdquo; dediyimiz ixtisasla&#351;m&#305;&#351; f&#601;aliyy&#601;tl&#601;rin n&#601; vaxt bir-birind&#601;n ayr&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; is&#601; d&#601;qiq tarixl&#601; g&ouml;st&#601;rm&#601;k &ccedil;&#601;tindir. Bununla bel&#601;, yaz&#305;l&#305; m&#601;nb&#601;l&#601;r v&#601; arxeoloji tap&#305;nt&#305;lar <strong>fahi&#351;&#601;lik, dulus&ccedil;uluq, d&uuml;lg&#601;rlik, z&#601;rg&#601;rlik, tacirlik v&#601; pin&#601;&ccedil;ilik d&uuml;nyan&#305;n &#601;n q&#601;dim pe&#351;&#601;l&#601;ri aras&#305;nda oldu&#287;unu<\/strong> g&ouml;st&#601;rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"internal-linking-related-contents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2114\" class=\"template-2\"><span class=\"cta\">&#399;trafl&#305; oxu<\/span><span class=\"postTitle\">Sevgilin niy&#601; s&#601;n&#601; h&#601;qiq&#601;ti yar&#305;m&ccedil;&#305;q dan&#305;&#351;&#305;r?<\/span><\/a><\/div><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu siyah&#305;da &#601;n &ccedil;ox m&uuml;bahis&#601; do&#287;uran pe&#351;&#601;d&#601;n ba&#351;layaq.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fahi&#351;&#601;lik &ndash; do&#287;rudanm&#305; d&uuml;nyan&#305;n &#601;n q&#601;dim pe&#351;&#601;sidir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&ldquo;Fahi&#351;&#601;lik d&uuml;nyan&#305;n &#601;n q&#601;dim pe&#351;&#601;sidir&rdquo; ifad&#601;sini y&#601;qin ki, &ccedil;ox adam e&#351;idib. Bu s&ouml;z o q&#601;d&#601;r m&#601;&#351;hurdur ki, b&#601;z&#601;n tarixi fakt kimi t&#601;qdim edilir. Halbuki he&ccedil; bir arxeoloq &ldquo;ilk pe&#351;&#601; fahi&#351;&#601;lik olub&rdquo; dey&#601; bilm&#601;z. &#304;ngilis dilind&#601; prostitusiyan&#305; &ldquo;the oldest profession&rdquo; adland&#305;ran ifad&#601;nin XIX &#601;srin sonlar&#305;ndan i&#351;l&#601;dildiyi m&#601;lumdur; &ldquo;profession&rdquo; s&ouml;z&uuml;n&uuml;n prostitusiyaya eyham kimi i&#351;l&#601;dilm&#601;si 1888-ci ild&#601;n s&#601;n&#601;dl&#601;&#351;dirilib. Bu is&#601; ifad&#601;nin &ouml;z&uuml;n&uuml;n q&#601;dim olmad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&ouml;st&#601;rir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancaq bu m&#601;&#351;hur deyimin yaranmas&#305; da t&#601;sad&uuml;fi deyil. Fahi&#351;&#601;lik haqq&#305;nda yaz&#305;l&#305; m&#601;lumatlar h&#601;qiq&#601;t&#601;n son d&#601;r&#601;c&#601; q&#601;dimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q&#601;dim Mesopotamiyada, y&#601;ni indiki &#304;raq &#601;razisind&#601; haz&#305;rlanm&#305;&#351; h&uuml;quqi m&#601;tnl&#601;rd&#601; art&#305;q fahi&#351;&#601;l&#601;r ayr&#305;ca sosial qrup kimi g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;rl&#601;r. T&#601;xmin&#601;n e.&#601;. XIX &#601;sr&#601; aid Lipit-&#304;&#351;tar qanunlar&#305;nda h&#601;tta bel&#601; bir v&#601;ziyy&#601;t t&#601;nziml&#601;nirdi: ki&#351;inin arvad&#305;ndan u&#351;a&#287;&#305; yoxdursa, amma &ldquo;meydandak&#305; fahi&#351;&#601;&rdquo; ona u&#351;aq do&#287;ubsa, ki&#351;i h&#601;min qad&#305;n&#305; tax&#305;l, ya&#287; v&#601; geyiml&#601; t&#601;min etm&#601;li, u&#351;aqlar&#305; is&#601; onun varisl&#601;ri hesab olunmal&#305; idi. Bu, t&#601;xmin&#601;n d&ouml;rd min il &#601;vv&#601;l c&#601;miyy&#601;tin bu m&uuml;nasib&#601;tl&#601;ri h&uuml;quqi &#351;&#601;kild&#601; t&#601;nziml&#601;m&#601;y&#601; ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; g&ouml;st&#601;rir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir q&#601;d&#601;r sonrak&#305; Hammurabi qanunlar&#305;nda da fahi&#351;&#601; kimi t&#601;rc&uuml;m&#601; edil&#601;n qad&#305;nlar&#305;n &#601;mlak v&#601; miras h&uuml;quqlar&#305; bar&#601;d&#601; ayr&#305;ca m&uuml;dd&#601;alar var. M&#601;s&#601;l&#601;n, 178&ndash;180-ci madd&#601;l&#601;rd&#601; bel&#601; qad&#305;nlar&#305;n atalar&#305;ndan ald&#305;qlar&#305; &#601;mlak&#305;n nec&#601; istifad&#601; edil&#601;c&#601;yi v&#601; sonradan kim&#601; ke&ccedil;&#601;c&#601;yi m&uuml;&#601;yy&#601;n edilirdi. Y&#601;ni bu insanlar sad&#601;c&#601; k&uuml;&ccedil;&#601; h&#601;yat&#305;n&#305;n g&ouml;r&uuml;nm&#601;z &uuml;zvl&#601;ri deyildil&#601;r; onlar&#305;n h&uuml;quqi statusu qanunvericinin diqq&#601;tin&#601; d&uuml;&#351;&#601;c&#601;k q&#601;d&#601;r m&uuml;&#601;yy&#601;nl&#601;&#351;mi&#351;di. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buradan maraql&#305; bir sual &ccedil;&#305;x&#305;r: &#601;g&#601;r d&ouml;rd min il &#601;vv&#601;l d&ouml;vl&#601;t onun miras m&#601;s&#601;l&#601;sini qanunla t&#601;nziml&#601;yirdis&#601;, fahi&#351;&#601;lik h&#601;min vaxt art&#305;q n&#601; q&#601;d&#601;r m&uuml;dd&#601;tdir m&ouml;vcud idi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bunu bilmirik. Yaz&#305;n&#305;n olmad&#305;&#287;&#305; d&ouml;vr haqq&#305;nda yaln&#305;z ehtimallar ir&#601;li s&uuml;r&#601; bil&#601;rik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&ldquo;M&#601;b&#601;d fahi&#351;&#601;liyi&rdquo; m&#601;s&#601;l&#601;sind&#601; tarix kitablar&#305;n&#305;n bir hiss&#601;si bizi aldad&#305;b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fahi&#351;&#601;lik tarixi haqq&#305;nda &#601;n m&#601;&#351;hur hekay&#601;l&#601;rd&#601;n biri q&#601;dim Babil, &#350;umer v&#601; ba&#351;qa &#350;&#601;rq c&#601;miyy&#601;tl&#601;rind&#601; guya qad&#305;nlar&#305;n m&#601;b&#601;dl&#601;rd&#601; dini m&#601;qs&#601;dl&#601; cinsi xidm&#601;t g&ouml;st&#601;rm&#601;si bar&#601;d&#601;dir. Herodot h&#601;tta Babil qad&#305;nlar&#305;n&#305;n h&#601;yatlar&#305;nda bir d&#601;f&#601; m&#601;b&#601;d&#601; ged&#601;r&#601;k yad ki&#351;i il&#601; m&uuml;nasib&#601;t&#601; girm&#601;li olduqlar&#305;n&#305; yazm&#305;&#351;d&#305;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uzun ill&#601;r bu r&#601;vay&#601;t &ldquo;m&uuml;q&#601;dd&#601;s fahi&#351;&#601;lik&rdquo; v&#601; ya &ldquo;m&#601;b&#601;d fahi&#351;&#601;liyi&rdquo; ad&#305; il&#601; d&#601;rslikd&#601;n-d&#601;rsliy&#601; ke&ccedil;ib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M&uuml;asir tarix&#351;&uuml;nasl&#305;qda is&#601; m&#601;s&#601;l&#601; xeyli m&uuml;bahis&#601;lidir. Stephanie Budinin Cambridge University Press t&#601;r&#601;find&#601;n n&#601;&#351;r olunmu&#351; geni&#351; ara&#351;d&#305;rmas&#305;n&#305;n &#601;sas tezisi budur ki, q&#601;dim Yax&#305;n &#350;&#601;rqd&#601; v&#601; Aral&#305;q d&#601;nizi d&uuml;nyas&#305;nda sistemli &ldquo;m&uuml;q&#601;dd&#601;s fahi&#351;&#601;lik&rdquo; anlay&#305;&#351;&#305;na dair q&#601;bul edil&#601;n s&uuml;butlar&#305;n b&ouml;y&uuml;k hiss&#601;si sonrak&#305; yanl&#305;&#351; t&#601;rc&uuml;m&#601;l&#601;rd&#601;n v&#601; q&#601;dim yunan m&uuml;&#601;llifl&#601;rinin &#350;&#601;rq haqq&#305;nda yaratd&#305;&#287;&#305; stereotipl&#601;rd&#601;n qaynaqlan&#305;b. Ba&#351;qa t&#601;dqiqat&ccedil;&#305;lar b&#601;zi lokal hallar&#305;n m&uuml;mk&uuml;nl&uuml;y&uuml;n&uuml; m&uuml;zakir&#601; ets&#601;l&#601;r d&#601;, vaxtil&#601; d&#601;rslikl&#601;rd&#601; t&#601;qdim olunan &ldquo;m&#601;b&#601;dl&#601;rd&#601; k&uuml;tl&#601;vi fahi&#351;&#601;lik adi dini m&#601;rasim idi&rdquo; t&#601;sviri bu g&uuml;n elmd&#601; &ccedil;ox ehtiyatla qar&#351;&#305;lan&#305;r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y&#601;ni <strong>fahi&#351;&#601;liyin &ouml;z&uuml; q&#601;dimdir, amma &ldquo;ilk fahi&#351;&#601;l&#601;r m&#601;b&#601;d qad&#305;nlar&#305; idi&rdquo; fikrini tarixi h&#601;qiq&#601;t kimi yazmaq d&uuml;zg&uuml;n deyil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q&#601;dim Yunan&#305;standa adi fahi&#351;&#601; il&#601; hetaira eyni deyildi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q&#601;dim Yunan&#305;standa da pullu seksual xidm&#601;t geni&#351; yay&#305;lm&#305;&#351;d&#305;, lakin bu sah&#601;nin daxilind&#601; ciddi sosial f&#601;rql&#601;r vard&#305;. A&#351;a&#287;&#305; t&#601;b&#601;q&#601;d&#601; k&uuml;&ccedil;&#601;d&#601; v&#601; ya fahi&#351;&#601;xanalarda &ccedil;al&#305;&#351;an qad&#305;nlarla yana&#351;&#305; <strong>hetairai &ndash; hetairalar<\/strong> adland&#305;r&#305;lan qad&#305;nlar m&ouml;vcud idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hetaira yaln&#305;z seksual xidm&#601;t g&ouml;st&#601;r&#601;n qad&#305;n kimi q&#601;bul edilmirdi. Onlar&#305;n aras&#305;nda musiqid&#601;n, s&ouml;hb&#601;td&#601;n v&#601; ictimai davran&#305;&#351;dan anlayan, varl&#305; ki&#351;il&#601;rin ziyaf&#601;tl&#601;rind&#601; i&#351;tirak ed&#601;n, uzunm&uuml;dd&#601;tli himay&#601;dar m&uuml;nasib&#601;tl&#601;ri quran qad&#305;nlar da vard&#305;. Q&#601;dim d&uuml;nyada qad&#305;nlar&#305;n ki&#351;il&#601;rin ziyaf&#601;tl&#601;rind&#601; s&#601;rb&#601;st i&#351;tirak imkanlar&#305;n&#305;n &ccedil;ox m&#601;hdud oldu&#287;u n&#601;z&#601;r&#601; al&#305;nsa, hetairalar&#305;n m&ouml;vqeyi olduqca qeyri-adi idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bununla bel&#601; onlar&#305; romantikl&#601;&#351;dirm&#601;k d&#601; laz&#305;m deyil. Antik seks ticar&#601;tinin b&ouml;y&uuml;k hiss&#601;sind&#601; <strong>k&ouml;l&#601;lik v&#601; m&#601;cburiyy&#601;t<\/strong> m&uuml;h&uuml;m rol oynay&#305;rd&#305;. Q&#601;dim m&#601;nb&#601;l&#601;rd&#601; h&#601;m azad, h&#601;m d&#601; k&ouml;l&#601; qad&#305;nlar&#305;n bu sah&#601;d&#601; i&#351;l&#601;diyi g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;r. Hetairalardan vergi tutuldu&#287;unu g&ouml;st&#601;r&#601;n yunan yaz&#305;l&#305; m&#601;nb&#601;l&#601;ri d&#601; var. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y&#601;ni bu f&#601;aliyy&#601;t b&#601;zi &#351;&#601;h&#601;rl&#601;rd&#601; gizli &#351;&#601;kild&#601; m&ouml;vcud olan qanunsuz i&#351; deyil, d&ouml;vl&#601;tin g&ouml;r&uuml;b vergiy&#601; c&#601;lb etdiyi iqtisadi sah&#601;l&#601;rd&#601;n biri idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Roma fahi&#351;&#601;l&#601;ri h&#601;tta qeydiyyata al&#305;n&#305;rd&#305;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q&#601;dim Romada bu i&#351; daha b&uuml;rokratik &#351;&#601;kil alm&#305;&#351;d&#305;. Fahi&#351;&#601;l&#601;r k&uuml;&ccedil;&#601;d&#601;, kiray&#601;l&#601;nmi&#351; otaqlarda, hamamlar&#305;n yax&#305;nl&#305;&#287;&#305;nda v&#601; fahi&#351;&#601;xanalarda i&#351;l&#601;y&#601; bilirdil&#601;r. B&#601;zi kateqoriyalar&#305;n &#351;&#601;h&#601;r hakimiyy&#601;tinin m&#601;murlar&#305; &ndash; <strong>aedill&#601;r<\/strong> qar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda qeydiyyatdan ke&ccedil;m&#601;si t&#601;l&#601;b olunurdu. Eram&#305;z&#305;n I &#601;srind&#601;n etibar&#601;n seks ticar&#601;tind&#601;n imperiya vergisi d&#601; al&#305;n&#305;rd&#305;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q&#601;dim Roman&#305;n seksual h&#601;yat&#305;n&#305; g&ouml;rm&#601;k &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;n &#601;n maraql&#305; yerl&#601;rd&#601;n biri Pompeydir. Vezuvi vulkan&#305;n&#305;n eram&#305;z&#305;n 79-cu ilind&#601; &#351;&#601;h&#601;ri k&uuml;l alt&#305;nda saxlamas&#305; n&#601;tic&#601;sind&#601; g&uuml;nd&#601;lik h&#601;yat sanki dondurulub v&#601; bu g&uuml;n&#601;d&#601;k g&#601;lib &ccedil;at&#305;b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pompeyd&#601;ki m&#601;&#351;hur <strong>Lupanar<\/strong> binas&#305; x&uuml;susi fahi&#351;&#601;xana idi. A&#351;a&#287;&#305; m&#601;rt&#601;b&#601;d&#601; d&#601;hlizin iki t&#601;r&#601;find&#601; be&#351; ki&ccedil;ik otaq yerl&#601;&#351;irdi v&#601; otaqlarda da&#351; &ccedil;arpay&#305;lar vard&#305;. Qap&#305; &#601;v&#601;zin&#601; p&#601;rd&#601; istifad&#601; edilirdi. Divarlarda erotik s&#601;hn&#601;l&#601;r t&#601;svir olunmu&#351;du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pompeyin r&#601;smi arxeoloji b&#601;l&#601;d&ccedil;isinin verdiyi daha maraql&#305; m&#601;lumat is&#601; qiym&#601;tl&#601;rdir: burada &ccedil;al&#305;&#351;an, &#601;sas&#601;n yunan v&#601; &#350;&#601;rq m&#601;n&#351;&#601;li k&ouml;l&#601; qad&#305;nlar&#305;n xidm&#601;tl&#601;ri <strong>2&ndash;8 as<\/strong> aras&#305;nda qiym&#601;tl&#601;ndirilirdi. M&uuml;qayis&#601; &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;n, bir bad&#601; &#351;&#601;rab t&#601;xmin&#601;n <strong>1 as<\/strong> idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&ldquo;Lupanar&rdquo; s&ouml;z&uuml;n&uuml;n &ouml;z&uuml; d&#601; maraql&#305;d&#305;r. Lat&#305;n dilind&#601; <strong>lupa<\/strong> s&ouml;z&uuml;n&uuml;n &#601;sas m&#601;nas&#305; &ldquo;di&#351;i canavar&rdquo; olsa da, dan&#305;&#351;&#305;q dilind&#601; fahi&#351;&#601; &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;n d&#601; istifad&#601; edilirdi. Fahi&#351;&#601;xana m&#601;nas&#305;nda <em>lupanar<\/em> s&ouml;z&uuml; d&#601; buradan g&#601;lirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Orta &#601;srl&#601;rd&#601; kils&#601; q&#305;nay&#305;rd&#305;, &#351;&#601;h&#601;r idar&#601;si is&#601; fahi&#351;&#601;xana a&ccedil;&#305;rd&#305;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fahi&#351;&#601;liyin tarixind&#601; &#601;n q&#601;rib&#601; ziddiyy&#601;tl&#601;rd&#601;n biri orta &#601;sr Avropas&#305;nda yaranm&#305;&#351;d&#305;. Xristian &#601;xlaq&#305; nikahdank&#601;nar cinsi m&uuml;nasib&#601;ti g&uuml;nah hesab edirdi. Bununla bel&#601; bir &ccedil;ox &#351;&#601;h&#601;r hakimiyy&#601;ti fahi&#351;&#601;liyin tamamil&#601; yox olmayaca&#287;&#305;n&#305; d&uuml;&#351;&uuml;n&uuml;b onu m&uuml;&#601;yy&#601;n &#601;razil&#601;rd&#601; saxlama&#287;a &ccedil;al&#305;&#351;&#305;rd&#305;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">XIII &#601;srd&#601;n etibar&#601;n Q&#601;rbi Avropada &#351;&#601;h&#601;rl&#601;&#351;m&#601; v&#601; pul iqtisadiyyat&#305;n&#305;n geni&#351;l&#601;nm&#601;si il&#601; kommersiya seks bazar&#305; da b&ouml;y&uuml;m&uuml;&#351;d&uuml;. Son orta &#601;srl&#601;rd&#601; Avropan&#305;n bir &ccedil;ox &#351;&#601;h&#601;rind&#601; r&#601;smi v&#601; ya lisenziyal&#305; fahi&#351;&#601;xanalar yarad&#305;lm&#305;&#351;, onlar&#305;n i&#351; vaxt&#305;, qiym&#601;tl&#601;ri v&#601; orada &ccedil;al&#305;&#351;an qad&#305;nlar&#305;n geyimin&#601; q&#601;d&#601;r qaydalar m&uuml;&#601;yy&#601;n edilmi&#351;di. 1500-c&uuml; ild&#601; Strasburq &#351;&#601;h&#601;r &#351;uras&#305;n&#305;n fahi&#351;&#601;xana haqq&#305;nda x&uuml;susi qaydalar&#305;n&#305;n olmas&#305; buna yax&#351;&#305; n&uuml;mun&#601;dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burada da h&#601;yat filml&#601;rd&#601; g&ouml;st&#601;rildiyi q&#601;d&#601;r &ldquo;azad&rdquo; deyildi. Qad&#305;nlar&#305;n borca sal&#305;naraq, al&#305;n&#305;b-sat&#305;laraq v&#601; zorla fahi&#351;&#601;xanalarda saxlan&#305;lmas&#305; bar&#601;d&#601; s&#601;n&#601;dl&#601;r var. Strasburqun h&#601;min qaydalar&#305;nda h&#601;tta qad&#305;nlar&#305;n &ouml;z ist&#601;kl&#601;ri &#601;leyhin&#601; fahi&#351;&#601;xanada saxlan&#305;lmas&#305;na qar&#351;&#305; ayr&#305;ca t&#601;dbirl&#601;r n&#601;z&#601;rd&#601; tutulurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Venesiyada fahi&#351;&#601;l&#601;rin bir hiss&#601;si k&uuml;&ccedil;&#601; qad&#305;n&#305; yox, d&#601;b simvolu idi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#304;ntibah d&ouml;vr&uuml;n&uuml;n Venesiyas&#305; is&#601; ba&#351;qa m&#601;nz&#601;r&#601; yarad&#305;r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#350;&#601;h&#601;rd&#601; adi fahi&#351;&#601;l&#601;rl&#601; yana&#351;&#305; varl&#305; m&uuml;&#351;t&#601;ril&#601;rl&#601; &#601;laq&#601;d&#601; olan y&uuml;ks&#601;k s&#601;viyy&#601;li <strong>kurtizankalar<\/strong> vard&#305;. Onlar&#305;n b&#601;zil&#601;ri bahal&#305; geyinir, zin&#601;t &#601;&#351;yalar&#305; tax&#305;r v&#601; &#351;&#601;h&#601;rin d&#601;b d&uuml;nyas&#305;nda g&ouml;r&uuml;n&#601;n simalara &ccedil;evrilirdi. Xarici s&#601;yyahlar&#305;n Venesiya kurtizankalar&#305;n&#305;n d&#601;bd&#601;b&#601;li sa&ccedil; d&uuml;z&uuml;m&uuml;, kosmetikas&#305; v&#601; zin&#601;t &#601;&#351;yalar&#305; haqq&#305;nda heyr&#601;tl&#601; yazd&#305;qlar&#305; m&#601;lumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maraql&#305; fakt budur ki, &#351;&#601;h&#601;r hakimiyy&#601;ti zaman-zaman kurtizankalar&#305;n geyimini m&#601;hdudla&#351;d&#305;rma&#287;a &ccedil;al&#305;&#351;&#305;rd&#305;. S&#601;b&#601;b onlar&#305;n zahir&#601;n varl&#305; v&#601; &ldquo;h&ouml;rm&#601;tli&rdquo; ail&#601;l&#601;rin qad&#305;nlar&#305;ndan se&ccedil;ilm&#601;m&#601;si idi. Metropolitan Muzeyind&#601; qorunan 1588-ci il&#601; aid bir qrav&uuml;rd&#601; d&#601; Venesiya kurtizankas&#305; d&#601;bd&#601;b&#601;li geyim v&#601; &ccedil;ox h&uuml;nd&uuml;r platformal&#305; ayaqqab&#305;larla t&#601;svir olunub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bel&#601;likl&#601;, fahi&#351;&#601;liyin minillikl&#601;r &#601;rzind&#601; t&#601;k bir formas&#305; olmay&#305;b. K&ouml;l&#601; qad&#305;n&#305;n k&uuml;&ccedil;&#601;d&#601; m&#601;cburi i&#351;l&#601;dilm&#601;si il&#601; saray adamlar&#305; il&#601; &uuml;nsiyy&#601;t quran varl&#305; kurtizankan&#305;n h&#601;yat&#305; eyni deyildi. Tarixin m&uuml;xt&#601;lif d&ouml;vrl&#601;rind&#601; fahi&#351;&#601;lik h&#601;m yoxsulluq v&#601; insan alveri il&#601;, h&#601;m d&ouml;vl&#601;t vergisi v&#601; h&uuml;quqi t&#601;nziml&#601;m&#601; il&#601;, h&#601;m d&#601; b&#601;zi hallarda y&uuml;ks&#601;k sosial dair&#601;l&#601;rl&#601; &#601;laq&#601;l&#601;nib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ona g&ouml;r&#601; &ldquo;d&uuml;nyan&#305;n &#601;n q&#601;dim pe&#351;&#601;si&rdquo; ifad&#601;sinin elmi bax&#305;mdan s&uuml;but olunmamas&#305;na baxmayaraq, <strong>fahi&#351;&#601;lik yaz&#305;l&#305; tarixd&#601; &#601;n erk&#601;n g&ouml;r&uuml;n&#601;n v&#601; &#601;n uzun m&uuml;dd&#601;t davam ed&#601;n g&#601;lir f&#601;aliyy&#601;tl&#601;rind&#601;n biridir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dulus&ccedil;u &ndash; insan&#305;n torpa&#287;&#305; qaba &ccedil;evirdiyi pe&#351;&#601;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fahi&#351;&#601;liyin &ldquo;&#601;n q&#601;dim pe&#351;&#601;&rdquo; adland&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305; m&#601;&#351;hurdur, amma maddi s&uuml;but bax&#305;m&#305;ndan dulus&ccedil;ulu&#287;un tarixi ondan da t&#601;siredicidir. &#304;nsan gild&#601;n qab d&uuml;z&#601;ltm&#601;yi &#351;&#601;h&#601;rl&#601;r v&#601; yaz&#305; yaranmam&#305;&#351;dan &ccedil;ox &#601;vv&#601;l &ouml;yr&#601;nmi&#351;di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#399;vv&#601;l qablar &#601;l il&#601; formala&#351;d&#305;r&#305;l&#305;rd&#305;. Sonra insan b&ouml;y&uuml;k bir texnoloji s&#305;&ccedil;ray&#305;&#351; etdi: <strong>dulus &ccedil;arx&#305;<\/strong> meydana &ccedil;&#305;xd&#305;. Mesopotamiyada onun istifad&#601;si t&#601;xmin&#601;n e.&#601;. IV minilliy&#601; gedib &ccedil;&#305;x&#305;r. &Ccedil;arx keramika istehsal&#305;n&#305; s&uuml;r&#601;tl&#601;ndirdi, qablar&#305;n &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml; v&#601; formas&#305;n&#305; standartla&#351;d&#305;rd&#305; v&#601; bir ustan&#305;n &#601;vv&#601;lkind&#601;n xeyli &ccedil;ox m&#601;hsul istehsal etm&#601;sin&#601; imkan verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu g&uuml;n biz q&#601;dim &#351;&#601;h&#601;ri qazanda ad&#601;t&#601;n q&#305;z&#305;l yox, &#601;n &ccedil;ox <strong>s&#305;n&#305;q saxs&#305; qab<\/strong> tap&#305;r&#305;q. Arxeoloq &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;n bu s&#305;n&#305;qlar zibil deyil. Gil qab&#305;n formas&#305;, b&#601;z&#601;yi v&#601; haz&#305;rlanma &uuml;sulu onun hans&#305; d&ouml;vrd&#601; v&#601; harada istehsal edildiyini g&ouml;st&#601;r&#601;n bir n&ouml;v &ldquo;&#351;&#601;xsiyy&#601;t v&#601;siq&#601;si&rdquo;dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dulus&ccedil;unun i&#351;i sad&#601;c&#601; bo&#351;qab d&uuml;z&#601;ltm&#601;kd&#601;n d&#601; ibar&#601;t deyildi. Tax&#305;l, ya&#287;, &#351;&#601;rab, su v&#601; ba&#351;qa m&#601;hsullar&#305;n saxlan&#305;lmas&#305; v&#601; da&#351;&#305;nmas&#305; &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;n qab laz&#305;m idi. Y&#601;ni q&#601;dim &#351;&#601;h&#601;rin &#601;rzaq sistemi dulus&ccedil;udan ciddi &#351;&#601;kild&#601; as&#305;l&#305; idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D&uuml;lg&#601;r &ndash; da&#351; evin i&ccedil;ind&#601; bel&#601; a&#287;ac ustas&#305;na ehtiyac vard&#305;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A&#287;acdan s&#305;&#287;&#305;nacaq, qap&#305;, &ccedil;arpay&#305;, sand&#305;q, g&#601;mi, araba v&#601; al&#601;t sap&#305; d&uuml;z&#601;ltm&#601;k ehtiyac&#305; d&uuml;lg&#601;rliyi d&#601; insan tarixinin &#601;n q&#601;dim s&#601;n&#601;tl&#601;rind&#601;n birin&#601; &ccedil;evirib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q&#601;dim Misird&#601; d&uuml;lg&#601;rlik art&#305;q y&uuml;ks&#601;k s&#601;viyy&#601;d&#601; ixtisasla&#351;m&#305;&#351; s&#601;n&#601;t idi. Metropolitan Muzeyinin m&#601;lumatlar&#305;nda e.&#601;. t&#601;xmin&#601;n <strong>2060&ndash;2010-cu ill&#601;r&#601;<\/strong> aid Meketre m&#601;zar&#305;ndan tap&#305;lm&#305;&#351; d&uuml;lg&#601;r emalatxanas&#305;n&#305;n modeli t&#601;svir olunur. Modeld&#601; 12 usta i&#351;l&#601;yir; onlar&#305;n mi&#351;ar, balta, isk&#601;n&#601;, &ccedil;&#601;kic v&#601; bur&#287;u kimi al&#601;tl&#601;ri g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Daha maraql&#305;s&#305; budur ki, q&#601;dim misirlil&#601;r bu g&uuml;n d&#601; d&uuml;lg&#601;rlikd&#601; istifad&#601; edil&#601;n b&#601;zi birl&#601;&#351;dirm&#601; &uuml;sullar&#305;n&#305; bilirdil&#601;r: a&#287;ac hiss&#601;l&#601;rini bir-birin&#601; ke&ccedil;irm&#601;, k&uuml;nc birl&#601;&#351;m&#601;l&#601;ri v&#601; h&#601;tta &#351;ponlama texnikalar&#305;ndan istifad&#601; edirdil&#601;r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y&#601;ni d&ouml;rd min il &#601;vv&#601;l ya&#351;am&#305;&#351; yax&#351;&#305; d&uuml;lg&#601;r bu g&uuml;n m&uuml;asir emalatxanaya girs&#601;ydi elektrik mi&#351;ar&#305;na t&#601;&#601;cc&uuml;bl&#601;n&#601;rdi, amma g&ouml;r&uuml;l&#601;n i&#351;in m&#601;ntiqini d&#601;rhal anlayard&#305;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z&#601;rg&#601;r &ndash; zin&#601;t &#601;&#351;yas&#305; b&#601;z&#601;n paltardan da q&#601;dim g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#304;nsan yaln&#305;z qarn&#305;n&#305; doyurmaq v&#601; &ouml;z&uuml;n&uuml; soyuqdan qorumaqla kifay&#601;tl&#601;nm&#601;yib. &Ccedil;ox q&#601;dim d&ouml;vrl&#601;rd&#601;n b&#601;ri &ouml;z&uuml;n&uuml; b&#601;z&#601;m&#601;k d&#601; ist&#601;yib.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Q&#601;dim Misird&#601; e.&#601;. <strong>4000-ci ild&#601;n d&#601; &#601;vv&#601;lki<\/strong> Badari m&#601;d&#601;niyy&#601;tinin q&#601;birl&#601;rind&#601; sad&#601; boyunba&#287;&#305; v&#601; muncuqlar a&#351;kar edilib. &#399;vv&#601;lc&#601; qab&#305;q, da&#351; v&#601; ba&#351;qa materiallardan istifad&#601; olunurdu. Sonrak&#305; minillikl&#601;rd&#601; metal, x&uuml;susil&#601; q&#305;z&#305;l z&#601;rg&#601;rlik s&#601;n&#601;tind&#601; &#601;sas materiallardan birin&#601; &ccedil;evrildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Misird&#601;n m&#601;lum olan &#601;n erk&#601;n q&#305;z&#305;l m&#601;mulatlar&#305;n b&#601;zil&#601;ri e.&#601;. IV minilliy&#601; aiddir. Sonrak&#305; d&ouml;vrl&#601;rd&#601; ustalar q&#305;z&#305;l&#305; son d&#601;r&#601;c&#601; nazik t&#601;b&#601;q&#601;y&#601; d&ouml;ym&#601;yi, tel haz&#305;rlama&#287;&#305;, h&ouml;rm&#601;yi v&#601; ba&#351;qa materiallar&#305;n &uuml;z&#601;rin&#601; q&#305;z&#305;l &ouml;rt&uuml;k &ccedil;&#601;km&#601;yi bacar&#305;rd&#305;lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z&#601;rg&#601;r h&#601;m s&#601;n&#601;tkar, h&#601;m d&#601; texnoloq idi. O, metal&#305;n hans&#305; temperaturda yum&#351;ald&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;, da&#351;&#305;n nec&#601; yonuldu&#287;unu, q&#305;z&#305;l telin nec&#601; &#601;yildiyini t&#601;cr&uuml;b&#601;d&#601;n &ouml;yr&#601;nirdi. Q&#601;dim d&uuml;nyan&#305;n varl&#305; adam&#305;n&#305;n &uuml;z&#601;rind&#601;ki zin&#601;t &#601;&#351;yas&#305; is&#601; t&#601;kc&#601; g&ouml;z&#601;llik yox, s&#601;rv&#601;t v&#601; sosial status g&ouml;st&#601;ricisi idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tacir &ndash; q&#601;dim d&uuml;nyan&#305;n &ldquo;logistika &#351;irk&#601;ti&rdquo;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#399;kin&ccedil;i yaln&#305;z bu&#287;da yeti&#351;dirs&#601;, z&#601;rg&#601;r yaln&#305;z q&#305;z&#305;l i&#351;l&#601;s&#601;, dulus&ccedil;u yaln&#305;z qab haz&#305;rlasa, amma bunlar&#305; bir &#351;&#601;h&#601;rd&#601;n dig&#601;rin&#601; aparan adam olmasa, b&ouml;y&uuml;k iqtisadi sistem yarana bilm&#601;zdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tacir m&#601;hz buna g&ouml;r&#601; q&#601;dim &#351;&#601;h&#601;r sivilizasiyas&#305;n&#305;n &#601;sas fiqurlar&#305;ndan biri idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mesopotamiyan&#305;n mixi yaz&#305;l&#305; s&#601;n&#601;dl&#601;rind&#601; taciri bildir&#601;n <strong>tamk&#257;rum<\/strong> s&ouml;z&uuml;n&#601; tez-tez rast g&#601;linir. Q&#601;dim Babil v&#601; Assuriya s&#601;n&#601;dl&#601;ri tacirl&#601;rin uzaq &ouml;lk&#601;l&#601;r&#601; mal aparmas&#305;, s&#601;rmay&#601; g&ouml;t&uuml;rm&#601;si, agentl&#601; i&#351;l&#601;m&#601;si, kredit verm&#601;si v&#601; m&uuml;qavil&#601; ba&#287;lamas&#305; bar&#601;d&#601; kifay&#601;t q&#601;d&#601;r m&#601;lumat verir. Hammurabi qanunlar&#305;n&#305;n 100&ndash;107-ci madd&#601;l&#601;rinin m&uuml;h&uuml;m hiss&#601;si tacirl&#601; onun xaric&#601; al&#305;b-satma&#287;a g&ouml;nd&#601;rdiyi agent aras&#305;ndak&#305; maliyy&#601; m&uuml;nasib&#601;tl&#601;rini t&#601;nziml&#601;yirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y&#601;ni d&ouml;rd min il &#601;vv&#601;l bel&#601; v&#601;ziyy&#601;t ola bil&#601;rdi: biri kapital qoyur, dig&#601;ri mallar&#305; g&ouml;t&uuml;r&uuml;b ba&#351;qa &ouml;lk&#601;y&#601; gedir, sat&#305;r, yeni mal al&#305;r v&#601; geri qay&#305;d&#305;r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu g&uuml;n biz buna investor, ticar&#601;t n&uuml;may&#601;nd&#601;si, logistika, kredit v&#601; beyn&#601;lxalq ticar&#601;t deyirik. Q&#601;dim Mesopotamiyada is&#601; b&uuml;t&uuml;n bunlar&#305;n ilkin formalar&#305; art&#305;q m&ouml;vcud idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H&#601;tta q&#601;dim &#350;&#601;rqd&#601; tacirlik ayr&#305;ca pe&#351;&#601; t&#601;b&#601;q&#601;si kimi formala&#351;m&#305;&#351;d&#305;. Mixi yaz&#305;l&#305; m&#601;nb&#601;l&#601;rd&#601; bunun &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;n x&uuml;susi terminl&#601;rin olmas&#305; g&ouml;st&#601;rir ki, tacir t&#601;sad&uuml;f&#601;n bazara &ccedil;&#305;x&#305;b art&#305;q mal&#305;n&#305; satan &#601;kin&ccedil;id&#601;n f&#601;rql&#601;ndirilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pin&#601;&ccedil;i &ndash; insan&#305; ayaqyal&#305;n qoymayan ustal&#305;q<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pin&#601;&ccedil;iliyin tarixini d&uuml;lg&#601;rlik v&#601; dulus&ccedil;uluq q&#601;d&#601;r d&#601;qiq izl&#601;m&#601;k &ccedil;&#601;tindir. &Ccedil;&uuml;nki d&#601;rid&#601;n haz&#305;rlanan ayaqqab&#305; minillikl&#601;r &#601;rzind&#601; &ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;y&uuml;r v&#601; arxeoloji materialda da&#351; v&#601; keramika q&#601;d&#601;r yax&#351;&#305; qalm&#305;r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bununla bel&#601; q&#601;dim Misird&#601;n minillik ya&#351;&#305; olan sandallar g&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;z&#601; &ccedil;at&#305;b. Metropolitan Muzeyind&#601; saxlan&#305;lan e.&#601;. <strong>1981&ndash;1800-c&uuml; ill&#601;r&#601;<\/strong> aid d&#601;ri sandal&#305;n &uuml;z&#601;rind&#601; a&#351;&#305;nma izl&#601;ri var. E.&#601;. XV &#601;sr&#601; aid ba&#351;qa bir c&uuml;t ayaqqab&#305; is&#601; mal v&#601; dana d&#601;risind&#601;n haz&#305;rlanm&#305;&#351;, q&#305;rm&#305;z&#305; r&#601;ng&#601; boyanm&#305;&#351; v&#601; &uuml;z&#601;rin&#601; h&#601;nd&#601;si nax&#305;&#351; &ccedil;&#601;kilmi&#351;di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayaqqab&#305; varsa, onu haz&#305;rlayan usta da vard&#305;. Ayaqqab&#305; bahal&#305; &#601;&#351;ya oldu&#287;u &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;n k&ouml;hn&#601;ldikc&#601; at&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305;n yox, t&#601;mir olunmas&#305;n&#305;n iqtisadi m&#601;ntiqi yaran&#305;rd&#305;. Bug&uuml;nk&uuml; m&#601;nada yaln&#305;z ayaqqab&#305; t&#601;miri il&#601; m&#601;&#351;&#287;ul olan &ldquo;pin&#601;&ccedil;i&rdquo;nin konkret hans&#305; &#601;srd&#601; ayr&#305;ca pe&#351;&#601;y&#601; &ccedil;evrildiyini s&ouml;yl&#601;m&#601;k &ccedil;&#601;tindir, amma ayaqqab&#305; v&#601; d&#601;ri ustal&#305;&#287;&#305; &ccedil;ox q&#601;dimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roma c&#601;miyy&#601;tind&#601; is&#601; art&#305;q <strong>cobblers &ndash; ayaqqab&#305; ustalar&#305; v&#601; t&#601;mir&ccedil;il&#601;r<\/strong> adi &#351;&#601;h&#601;r s&#601;n&#601;tkarlar&#305; s&#305;ras&#305;nda g&ouml;st&#601;rilir. Onlar &ccedil;&ouml;r&#601;k&ccedil;il&#601;r, toxucular, r&#601;ngsazlar v&#601; ba&#351;qa &#601;l &#601;m&#601;yi sahibl&#601;ri il&#601; birlikd&#601; &#351;&#601;h&#601;r iqtisadiyyat&#305;n&#305;n a&#351;a&#287;&#305; v&#601; orta t&#601;b&#601;q&#601;sini t&#601;&#351;kil edirdil&#601;r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maraql&#305; t&#601;r&#601;fi budur ki, ayaqqab&#305;n&#305;n &ouml;z&uuml; sosial status da bildirirdi. Varl&#305; adamla f&#601;hl&#601;nin, &#601;sg&#601;rl&#601; din xadiminin ayaqqab&#305;s&#305; eyni deyildi. Bizans Misirin&#601; aid m&#601;nb&#601;l&#601;rd&#601; d&ouml;vl&#601;t m&#601;murlar&#305;n&#305;n sandal, rahibl&#601;rin ba&#351;maq, &#601;sg&#601;r v&#601; f&#601;hl&#601;l&#601;rin is&#601; &ccedil;&#601;km&#601; geyindiyi g&ouml;st&#601;rilir; c&#601;miyy&#601;tin &#601;n yoxsul t&#601;b&#601;q&#601;si is&#601; &uuml;mumiyy&#601;tl&#601; ayaqyal&#305;n g&#601;zirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bel&#601;c&#601; pin&#601;&ccedil;i yaln&#305;z ayaqqab&#305;n&#305; yamayan adam deyildi. Ayaqqab&#305;n&#305;n &ccedil;ox baha oldu&#287;u d&uuml;nyada o, insan&#305;n &#601;lind&#601;ki &#601;&#351;yan&#305;n &ouml;mr&uuml;n&uuml; uzadan usta idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B&#601;s bu pe&#351;&#601;l&#601;rd&#601;n h&#601;qiq&#601;t&#601;n &#601;n q&#601;dimi hans&#305;d&#305;r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu suala &ldquo;fahi&#351;&#601;likdir&rdquo; deyib m&#601;s&#601;l&#601;ni ba&#287;lamaq maraql&#305; s&#601;sl&#601;nir, amma tarix bundan m&uuml;r&#601;kk&#601;bdir. Dulus&ccedil;ulu&#287;un maddi izl&#601;ri yaz&#305;dan minill&#601;r &#601;vv&#601;l&#601; gedir. &#304;nsan a&#287;ac&#305; emal etm&#601;yi bundan da q&#601;dim d&ouml;vrl&#601;rd&#601; bilirdi. B&#601;z&#601;k &#601;&#351;yalar&#305; on minl&#601;rl&#601; il &#601;vv&#601;l m&ouml;vcud idi. Ticar&#601;t d&#601; k&#601;ndl&#601;r v&#601; tayfalar aras&#305;nda m&uuml;badil&#601; ba&#351;lad&#305;&#287;&#305; andan yaranma&#287;a do&#287;ru gedirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fahi&#351;&#601;liyin &uuml;st&uuml;nl&uuml;y&uuml; ondad&#305;r ki, <strong>yaz&#305;l&#305; tarix ba&#351;layandan q&#305;sa m&uuml;dd&#601;t sonra onun haqq&#305;nda art&#305;q konkret h&uuml;quqi s&#601;n&#601;dl&#601;r g&ouml;r&uuml;r&uuml;k<\/strong>. T&#601;xmin&#601;n d&ouml;rd min il &#601;vv&#601;l qanunverici fahi&#351;&#601;nin u&#351;a&#287;&#305;n&#305;n miras h&uuml;ququndan dan&#305;&#351;&#305;rd&#305;; iki min il &#601;vv&#601;l Roma onu qeydiyyata al&#305;r v&#601; vergiy&#601; c&#601;lb edirdi; orta &#601;sr &#351;&#601;h&#601;rl&#601;ri onun i&#351;l&#601;y&#601;c&#601;yi k&uuml;&ccedil;&#601;ni v&#601; geyimini m&uuml;&#601;yy&#601;nl&#601;&#351;dirirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&uuml;lg&#601;r a&#287;ac&#305;n formas&#305;n&#305; d&#601;yi&#351;irdi, dulus&ccedil;u pal&ccedil;&#305;&#287;&#305; qaba &ccedil;evirirdi, z&#601;rg&#601;r q&#305;z&#305;l&#305; zin&#601;t &#601;&#351;yas&#305; edirdi, pin&#601;&ccedil;i ayaqqab&#305;n&#305; d&uuml;z&#601;ldirdi, tacir bunlar&#305;n ham&#305;s&#305;n&#305; bir yerd&#601;n ba&#351;qa yer&#601; da&#351;&#305;y&#305;b sat&#305;rd&#305;. Fahi&#351;&#601;lik is&#601; bunlardan f&#601;rqli olaraq he&ccedil; bir maddi m&#601;hsul istehsal etm&#601;d&#601;n xidm&#601;t satan &#601;n q&#601;dim f&#601;aliyy&#601;t n&ouml;vl&#601;rind&#601;n biri kimi tarix boyu davam etdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B&#601;lk&#601; d&#601; buna g&ouml;r&#601; &ldquo;d&uuml;nyan&#305;n &#601;n q&#601;dim pe&#351;&#601;si&rdquo; ifad&#601;si m&#601;hz onun &uuml;z&#601;rind&#601; qal&#305;b. Elmi bax&#305;mdan bu titulun sahibini m&uuml;&#601;yy&#601;n etm&#601;k m&uuml;mk&uuml;n deyil, amma fahi&#351;&#601;liyin b&#601;&#351;&#601;r tarixinin &#601;n q&#601;dim, &#601;n &ccedil;ox qada&#287;an edil&#601;n, &#601;n &ccedil;ox vergiy&#601; c&#601;lb olunan v&#601; buna baxmayaraq he&ccedil; vaxt tamamil&#601; yox olmayan pe&#351;&#601;l&#601;rind&#601;n biri oldu&#287;u &#351;&uuml;bh&#601; do&#287;urmur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"ays-arp-under-posts-container ays-arp-grid-layout \" id=\"ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab\" data-id=\"6acbc755a11ab\" data-ratio=\"1\"><h2 class=\"ays-arp-under-posts-container-title\">Bunlar da maraql&#305;d&#305;r<\/h2><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"ays-arp-id-6acbc755a11ab\" value=\"2646\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-posts\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-header\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img-row\"><a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2048\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-link\"><img src=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/azbetsport_87556-768x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img\"><img src=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/azbetsport_87556-768x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img ays-arp-under-post-img-mobile\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-content\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-title-row\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2048\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-link\">Futbol&ccedil;ular niy&#601; VAR yoxlamas&#305;ndan sonra ritmi itirir?<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-excerpt-row\"><span class=\"ays-arp-under-post-excerpt\">\nFutbolda ritm &ccedil;ox vacibdir. Oyunun axar&#305; pozulanda h&#601;m emosional enerji,...<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-footer\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-header\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img-row\"><a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2280\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-link\"><img src=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/98765678-768x498.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img\"><img src=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/98765678-768x498.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img ays-arp-under-post-img-mobile\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-content\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-title-row\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2280\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-link\">T&uuml;rkiy&#601; &ndash; AB&#350;: T&uuml;rkl&#601;r qap&#305;n&#305; &ccedil;&#305;rpacaqm&#305;?<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-excerpt-row\"><span class=\"ays-arp-under-post-excerpt\">\nD&uuml;nya &ccedil;empionat&#305;n&#305;n qrup m&#601;rh&#601;l&#601;sinin son turunda ke&ccedil;iril&#601;c&#601;k T&uuml;rkiy&#601; &ndash; AB&#350;...<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-footer\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-header\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img-row\"><a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2235\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-link\"><img src=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/azbetsport_34567-768x534.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img\"><img src=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/azbetsport_34567-768x534.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-img ays-arp-under-post-img-mobile\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-content\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-title-row\"><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?p=2235\" class=\"ays-arp-under-post-link\">Niy&#601; &#304;ran v&#601; Argentina &ccedil;empionatlar&#305;nda ilk hiss&#601;l&#601;r...<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-excerpt-row\"><span class=\"ays-arp-under-post-excerpt\">\nM&#601;rc al&#601;mind&#601; b&#601;zi &ccedil;empionatlar var ki, ill&#601;rl&#601; ox&#351;ar futbol xarakterini...<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ays-arp-under-post-footer\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab {\n                width: 100%;\n                word-break: break-word;\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post {\n                width: calc(33% - 10px);\n                overflow: hidden;\n                padding: 10px;\n                border: none;\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-img-row .ays-arp-under-post-img {\n\t\t\t    object-fit: contain;\n\t\t\t    object-position:center center;\n                border: unset;\n                padding: unset;\n                border-radius: 0px;\n                height: 100%\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-posts-container-title,\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-title  .ays-arp-under-post-link,\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-excerpt-row {\n                color: #333333;\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab  .ays-arp-under-posts  .ays-arp-under-post {\n                background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab  .ays-arp-under-posts  .ays-arp-under-post:hover {\n                background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-title,\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-link {\n                line-height: 1.5;\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-title a{\n                font-size: 16px;\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-date-author-row {\n                color: rgba(51,51,51,0.7);\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-posts a:active,\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-posts a:hover,\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-posts a:focus,\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-posts a {\n                text-decoration: unset;\n                cursor: pointer;\n                outline: unset;\n                text-decoration-skip-ink: none;\n                background: unset;\n                opacity: 1;\n            }\n\n            #ays-arp-under-posts-container-2646-6acbc755a11ab .ays-arp-under-post-img-row .ays-arp-under-post-img.ays-arp-under-post-img-mobile {\n                display: none; 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&#601;m&#601;k b&ouml;lg&uuml;s&uuml; yaranandan b&#601;ri b&#601;zi pe&#351;&#601;l&#601;r yoxa &ccedil;&#305;x&#305;b, b&#601;zil&#601;rinin yaln&#305;z ad&#305; d&#601;yi&#351;ib, el&#601;l&#601;ri<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psixoloji"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987.png",1267,773,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-300x183.png",300,183,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-768x469.png",640,391,true],"large":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-1024x625.png",640,391,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987.png",1267,773,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987.png",1267,773,false],"ilrc-thumbnail":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-250x153.png",250,153,true],"chromenews-featured":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-1024x625.png",1024,625,true],"chromenews-large":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-825x575.png",825,575,true],"chromenews-medium":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-590x410.png",590,410,true],"yarpp-thumbnail":["https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/98767890i9987-120x120.png",120,120,true]},"author_info":{"info":["mammedli.nurlan@gmail.com"]},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/?cat=5\" rel=\"category\">Psixoloji<\/a>","tag_info":"Psixoloji","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2646"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2648,"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2646\/revisions\/2648"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/azbetsport.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}